Contrastive rhetoric is an area of research in secondlanguage acquisition that identifies problems in composition encountered by secondlanguage writers and, by referring to the rhetorical strategies of the first language, attempts to explain them connor 1996. Cultural thought patterns in intercultural education. This paper examines the brief history of studies of contrastive rhetoric in eslefl writing and the implications of these findingsresults for the current teaching of. Rhetorical conventions like organization and the perceived role of the audience are important considerations and differ across cultures. Edited by ulla connor, ed nagelhout, and william rozycki find, read and cite. Language and rhetoric reflect culture, and this video discusses argumentation strategies from around the world.
Implications for the current teaching of english writing at universities in japan ferred patterns of writing are genre dependent. Cambridge university press writing ulla connor frontmatter. Eslefl students writing and professional writing e. Crosscultural aspects of secondlanguage writing ulla connor frontmatter more information. Current state of contrastive rhetoric, ii, contrastive corpus studies in. Cultural differences in writing have been studied extensively within the field of contrastive rhetoric cr since kaplans, 1966 study see connor, 1996, connor, 2002, connor, 2003 for overviews. The term was first coined by the american applied linguist robert kaplan in 1966 to denote eclecticism and subsequent growth of collective knowledge in certain languages. Defenders of contrastive rhetoric theory such as leki 1991 pointes to the fact that even though writing instructors who teach esl students might not have a background in the rhetoric of.
Finally, previous contrastive studies on media discourse are described with reference to the present study. Introduction contrastive rhetoric is an area of research in secondlanguage acquisition that identifies problems in composition encountered by secondlanguage writers and, by referring to the rhetorical strategies of the first language, attempts to. Contrastive rhetoric in world englishes english today. The aforementioned researchers defined five features of contrastive rhetoric english paired with eastasian style appearing first that warrant consideration and may be used as a baseline for contrastive rhetoric research and classroom application in eastasia. Edited by ulla connor, ed nagelhout, and william rozycki.
It starts out with the familiar and then keeps pushing the reader into going further into understanding what possible uses there are for this type of exploration. The diagrams, with their implications in regard to patterns of written discourse, readily place contrastive rhetoric into the current traditional approach to teaching esl writing silva, 1990, but contrastive rhetoric has not found much favor with those. Cambridge university press 9780521446884 contrastive. Pdf on dec 23, 2008, will baker and others published contrastive rhetoric. Eric ej730660 toward critical contrastive rhetoric. Directions in contrastive rhetoric research university of reading.
A study of the contrastive rhetoric of arabic, english. This volume explores the field of contrastive rhetoric, the study of how a persons first language and culture influence his or her writing in a second, isbn 9780521441452. Qualifying claims about contrastive rhetoric carol severino joe essid assumes no responsibility for any hilarious, bawdy, or surreal errors introduced when this document was scanned. The focus are the role of first language conventions of discourse and rhetoric structure on second language usage, as well as cognitive and cultural dimensions of transfer, particularly in. Contrastive rhetoric examines differences and similarities in writing across cultures. Kaplan, with regard to language, the theory that diverse languages contain varying rhetorical traits, suc. Contrastive rhetoric revisited and redefined sets out to expand the possible uses of contrastive rhetoric. Arabic rhetoric explores the history, disciplines, order and pragmatic functions of arabic speech acts.
The field of contrastive rhetoric, founded by robert kaplan in the 1960s, emphasizes kaplans belief that ell students development of ideas in writing is systematically different from the patterns that appear to be natural in english. Contrast disambiguation this disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title contrastive. Contrastive rhetoric has been growing since 1966 and nobody had taken care of setting down its theoretical foundations and its reserch methodology until ulla connor has done it. Kaplan in connor, 1996 reasserted that contrastive rhetoric was not meant as a teaching. It presents a comprehensive view of the research in this field, emphasizing the connections between contrastive rhetoric and the related disciplines of composition studies, cultural anthropology, translation studies, and text linguistics. Chapter 2 contrastive rhetoric and studies of chinese and english. Researchers who do contrastive rhetorical studies are interested in how writers cultural backgrounds influence how they organize their writing, what they choose. Contrastive rhetoric and the analysis of written discourse across cultures book summary. The theory of contrastive rhetoric was first introduced by kaplan 1966 as a solution to the challenges learners experience in the organisational structures of a second language, also known as l2. New directions in contrastive rhetoric soon to be published. The early contrastive rhetoricbased pedagogy, however, uncritically accepted what some researchers e. Home university of southern california dissertations and theses a study of the contrastive rhetoric of arabic, english, japanese, and spanish page 1 reference url save to favorites remove from favorites. It offers a new understanding of arabic rhetoric and employs examples from modern standard arabic as. New directions in contrastive rhetoric abstract contrastive rhetoric examines differences and similarities in writing across cultures.
The second limitation of kaplans work concerns its reductionist approach to l1 rhetoric. From a contrastive rhetoric perspective a dissertation submitted to the school of graduate studies and research in partial fulfillment of the. The term was first coined by the american applied linguist robert kaplan in 1966 to denote eclecticism and subsequent growth of collective knowledge in. Evidence from the english expository writings of chinese efl learners and their teachers writing instruction. Kaplan makes assumptions about l1 rhetorical patterns based entirely on his examination of. Initiated almost thirty years ago by the american applied linguist robert kaplan, contrastive rhetoric maintains that. New directions in contrastive rhetoric connor 2002. The final part of the book proposes an extension of the theoretical framework to cover contrastive rhetoric. Kaplan in connor, 1996 reasserted that contrastive rhetoric was not meant as. Contrastive rhetoric and the teaching of composition. Then in light of that discussion, it offers a fourstep, receptive and productive exercise to engage students in contrastive analysis of cohesive features across. Framing this critique within a discourse view of language, culture and communication, this paper points to the need to go. Contrastive rhetoric can help english teachers of native japanese speaking students to better understand cultural and first language influences which affect. Apr 07, 20 psychology definition of contrastive rhetoric.
The education of composition teachers, tutors, and researchers about culturally influenced rhetorical differences in writing, or contrastive. The book presents a comprehensive set of empirical investigations involving a number of first languages. Pdf contrastive rhetoric download read online free. This paper is critically concerned with the recent attempts in contrastive rhetoric cr to interpret the linguistic and rhetorical differences found in the academic discourses produced by anglophone and nonanglophone academic and research writers. Contrastive rhetoric began in 1966 as the result of a selfinitiated study of international students writing in english by kaplan, who then made the pronouncement that each language and each culture has a paragraph order unique to itself, and that part of the learning of a particular language is the mastery of its logical system kaplan, 1966. Admittedly, the earliest work in contrastive rhetoric was significantly flawed, attempting to compare student writing in l2 with professional writing in ll, ignoring differences in genre, and assuming that there was a single general textlogical structure for english. Four chapters provide ethnographies and observations about contrastive rhetoric and the teaching of efl and esl. Through the analysis of errors commonly seen in writings produced by speakers of different languages. Pdf directions in contrastive rhetoric research researchgate.
Crosscultural aspects of secondlanguage writing ulla connor. Subsequent research has demonstrated these flaws leki, 1991. Nov, 2012 contrastive rhetoric contrastive rhetoric is the study of how a persons first language and culture influence hisher writing in a second language. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader if you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with pdfs, highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs alternatively, you can download the pdf file directly to your computer. In terms of research methodologies, contrastive rhetoric studies have drawn. This volume explores contrastive rhetoric for audiences in both esl contexts and international efl contexts, exposing the newest developments in theories of culture and discourse and pushing the boundaries beyond any.
Contrastive functional analysis andrew chesterman download. It presents a comprehensive view of the research in this field, emphasizing the connections between contrastive rhetoric and the related disciplines of composition studies, cultural. It presents a comprehensive view of the research in this field, emphasizing the connections between contrastive rhetoric and the related disciplines of composition studies, cultural anthropology, translation studies, and text. Contrastive rhetoric contrastive rhetoric is the study of how a persons first language and culture influence hisher writing in a second language. Lastly, the findings suggest that engaging students in exercises of contrastive rhetoric can assist and empower them in their writing practices. The first of these areas concerns grammatical studies which examine cohesive ties, word order constraints, and sociolinguistic variations hinds 1982b, kuno 1978, makino 1978a. Contrastive rhetoric isbn 9780521441452 pdf epub ebookmall. Academic writing involves more than using correct grammar. Initiated almost thirty years ago by the american applied linguist robert kaplan, contrastive rhetoric maintains that language and writing are. However, the contribution of contrastive rhetoric to the teaching of esl writing. It offers a new understanding of arabic rhetoric and employs examples from modern standard arabic as well as providing a glossary of. Arabic and english persuasive writing of arabs from a contrastive rhetoric. Cambridge university press 9780521446884 contrastive rhetoric. Metadiscourse is a popular concept among linguists and educators.
Contrastive rhetoric and the linguistic relativity hypothesis. Toward critical contrastive rhetoric sciencedirect. Despite its laudable pedagogical intentions to raise teachers and students cultural and rhetorical awareness in second language writing, traditional contrastive rhetoric has perpetuated static binaries between english and other languages and viewed. In applied linguistic circles, there has been a major reappraisal of the theory of linguistic relativity in the last few decades, a renaissance in contrastive analysis research, especially at the level of discourse, and a gradual merging of the fields of text linguistics and discourse analysis. The most influential specialist on cr together with robert b. Drawing on contrastive rhetoricthe study of how rhetorical expectations and conventions differ among culturestheorists such as patricia. Then in light of that discussion, it offers a fourstep, receptive and productive exercise to engage students in contrastive analysis of cohesive features across languages and. Liebman, 1992 call old con trastive rhetoric, while failing to evolve with the subsequent development of new contrastive rhetoric research. The theories include those of applied linguistics, linguistic relativity, rhetoric, text linguistics, discourse types and genres, literacy, and translation. Contrastive rhetoric is the study of how a persons first language and his or her culture influence writing in a second language or how a common language is used among different cultures. It helps to understand how writers structure their texts in order to facilitate the understanding of the text successfully.
Pdf on dec 23, 2008, will baker and others published contrastive. The contrastive study of japanese and english discourse structures may be divided into two major areas of inquiry. View contrastive rhetoric research papers on academia. This study explores various features of metadiscourse and contrastive rhetoric in a small corpus of academic writing of pakistani learners at tertiary levels. Writing instruction, contrastive rhetoric, transfer. Kaplan makes assumptions about l1 rhetorical patterns based entirely on. This volume explores contrastive rhetoric for audiences in both esl contexts and international efl contexts, exposing the newest developments in theories of culture and discourse and pushing the boundaries beyond any previously staked ground. Arabic rhetoric download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Contrastive rhetoric could also prompt students to think more critically, which would further assist them in writing process.
The approach is illustrated with four sample studies covering different kinds of phenomena in some european languages. This article attempts to use linguistics, specifically text analysis and pragmatics, to help explain how and why lawyers who are nonnative speakers of english nns struggle with cohesion in their u. A traditional approach to contrastive rhetoric has emphasized cultural difference in rhetorical patterns among various languages. Although mainly concerned in its first thirty years with student essay writing, the field of study today contributes to knowledge about preferred patterns of writing in many englishforspecificpurposes situations.
This volume explores the field of contrastive rhetoric, the study of how a persons first language and culture influence his or her writing in a second language. Contrastive rhetoric and its recent studies semantic scholar. Contrastive rhetoric is an area of research in second language acquisition that identifies problems in composition encountered by second language writers and, by referring to the rhetorical strategies of the first language, attempts to explain them. Contrastive rhetoric pdf adobe drm can be read on any device that can open pdf adobe drm files. Cambridge core elt applied linguistics contrastive rhetoric by ulla m. Metadiscourse and contrastive rhetoric in academic writing.
570 905 1250 299 1015 1514 893 1240 695 437 393 864 773 1267 135 958 1223 1447 1055 957 345 903 82 426 513 1178 312 1468 205 344 315 757 288 1086 693 36 802 760 1158